MGMAT CAT 4 SC question

[sachin.w]

Red-light cameras, originally implemented in an attempt at increasing the safety of intersections, have been precisely the opposite: drivers are afraid of expensive citations and often brake suddenly as they approach camera-equipped intersections, so they cause rear-end accidents.


in an attempt at increasing the safety of intersections, have been precisely the opposite: drivers are afraid of expensive citations and often brake suddenly as they approach camera-equipped intersections, so they cause

while attempting to increase safety at intersections, have had a precisely opposite effect: drivers, who are afraid of expensive citations, often brake suddenly as they approach camera-equipped intersections, thus causing

in attempting to increase safety in intersections, have precisely had the opposite effect: drivers fear expensive citations, approach camera-equipped intersections, often brake suddenly, and cause

as attempts to increase intersections' safety, are precisely the opposite: afraid of expensive citations, drivers approach camera-equipped intersections and brake suddenly, thus causing

in an attempt to increase safety at intersections, have had precisely the opposite effect: fearing expensive citations, drivers approaching camera-equipped intersections often brake suddenly, causing


In the OA E, what follows after colon is not a complete sentence.. I know that what follows colon is used to describe what precedes it.
So my question is if it doesn't matter for what follows a colon to have a clause with a subject and a verb..

[tim]

what comes BEFORE a colon must be a complete sentence. after, we are just looking for examples or clarification of the first half of the sentence. no clause is required..

[RonPurewal]

One more question,
(D)''drivers approach camera-equipped intersections and brake suddenly, thus causing ''
(E)"drivers approaching camera-equipped intersections often brake suddenly, causing"

in D, comma+ving seems to modify the preceding action 'brake', while in C, comma+ving modifies the whole sentence, making the whole sentence more logic.

Please make comments on my thoughts.
Thanks

I don't see much of a point in differentiating between "modifying an action" and "modifying the whole clause containing that action". These seem essentially the same to me, as long as it's accepted that the subject of the action should also be the (indirect) agent of the __ing.

Rather, the main problem here lies in the way the preceding clause is formulated.

Choice D says that drivers "approach camera-equipped intersections and brake suddenly""”implying that these are separate, independent actions, or at least sequential actions that have no necessary causal relationship. (This is the normal use of "and".)
That doesn't make sense. The actions are neither separate nor independent; the sudden braking is done by drivers who are actually coming up on camera-controlled intersections. This relationship is expressed perfectly by the __ing modifier in the correct answer.