The federal rules aimed at protecting human subjects of

[thanghnvn]

pls, help.
I agree that choice E is best. but, pls tell me "would evaluate" and "would be" in choice E show a future action viewed from the past or show hypothetical actions in subjunctive mood.

subjunctive mood is used to show the hypothetical or desired actions. I categorize subjucntive cases into 3 kinds.

1. we use infinitive form of verb after some verbs,nouns and adjective to show subjunctive

the rule require that he COME here
the requirement that he COME here is good
it is important that he COME here

2. we use many past forms to show subjunctive action

I wish he came here
I wish he could have come here yesterday

3. we use 2 patterns (not 3) of conditional sentence to show subjunctive actions.

if the above point is correct. "would be" and "would evaluate" in choice E is future actions viewed from the past. "would be" and "would evaluate" are not in subjunctive mood.

am I correct? pls explain , give your ideas.

[RonPurewal]

what, exactly, is your question?

[Neko_Yin]

The following pairs are properly parallel:

these guys must be warned
those guys must evaluate

these guys be warned
those guys evaluate

One blue, one red = non-parallel.

Hi Ron,
I want to ask if there is a rule like Can/Must+Verb is not parallel to "normal" Verb ?
If so, please tell me why they are not parallel. I'm comfused because I think Can/Must is also verb.
Thank you in advance.

[RonPurewal]

if this were NOT a multiple-choice test, then, that might be an issue.
...but, the test is multiple-choice. so that's a non-issue.

i.e., if one answer choice puts one of the blue things in parallel to one of the red things, while another choice has 2 blue things or 2 red things... the former version can clearly be eliminated.

if you're taking this test by looking at all the choices individually -- rather than COMPARING them AGAINST ONE ANOTHER -- then, you're creating LOTS of extra difficulty that has no need to exist.

[Neko_Yin]

if this were NOT a multiple-choice test, then, that might be an issue.
...but, the test is multiple-choice. so that's a non-issue.

i.e., if one answer choice puts one of the blue things in parallel to one of the red things, while another choice has 2 blue things or 2 red things... the former version can clearly be eliminated.

if you're taking this test by looking at all the choices individually -- rather than COMPARING them AGAINST ONE ANOTHER -- then, you're creating LOTS of extra difficulty that has no need to exist.

Hi Ron,
Thank you for your help.
I get the point now

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

[JingziL752]

Hi tutor,

Sorry for bumping such an old thread.

I have a question about A. Choice A: " ... ensure that patients must be warned of potential risks and an independent panel would evaluate the experiment before it was conducted."
My question is that is A also wrong because of the lack of "that" (before the "an independent panel would...") ? Or is "that" can be omitted in this kind of parallel sentence?

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

In parallel constructions such as this it's not always essential to repeat the small, joining words before each element. Take this example: 'Next year I'm going to travel to America and to Canada.' That's fine, but so is 'Next year I'm going to travel to America and Canada.'.

Sometimes you need to repeat these small words to prevent ambiguity. Take this example: 'I saw that my friend was having a difficult time and felt unhappy.' Here, it's not clear who's feeling unhappy. We could clear this up this by writing 'I saw that my friend was having a difficult time and that she felt unhappy.'

As for the GMAT problem above including the word 'that' before 'an independent panel' definitely makes the meaning clearer - these are two actions that the panel took. However, I'm not sure whether this would be enough to eliminate A and D. The false parallelism of those answers is a much more reliable reason to eliminate them.

[JingziL752]

Thank you Sage!!

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

[JbhB682]

Hi - not sure how one can use parallelism to determine this as one doesn't know where the X and Y markers begin ?

option 1 - "that" is part of the root phase

federal rules were established to ensure that
----- patients must be warned of potential risks
and
------ an independent panel would evaluate the experiment before it was conducted

this keeps A / D alive from a parallelism perspective


option 2 - that is not part of the root phase

federal rules were established to ensure
===== that patients must be warned of potential risks
and
===== that an independent panel would evaluate the experiment before it was conducted

This keep B / C /E should be alive from a parallelism perspective


Hence i am not sure how can i eliminate based on parallelism ?

Thank you !

[JbhB682]

The coach required that players pass the fitness test before the important game OR
The coach required that players would have to pass the fitness test before the important game...

the first of these is correct.

if 'would' appears in a sentence whose principal action is in the past tense, it's almost always functioning as a past-tense form of 'will'.
for instance:
i know that she will succeed. -- present-tense principal action (i know)
translates into the past tense as...
i knew that she would succeed. -- past-tense principal action (i knew)

The point I am trying to understand is how to the subjunctive mood in past tense using 'would'

if 'would' appears in the sort of context referenced above, it's not actually a subjunctive construction at all.

if 'would' is used as a subjunctive, then it's so used more often in a sentence about hypotheticals:
i would drive there if i had a car.
these appear to be past-tense verbs, but they're really not; they're hypothetical subjunctives. the speaker/writer is declaring intentions for what he or she would do if he or she had a car in the present.

I also don't understand whether the above SC in its original form is subjunctive. Please clarify.

it's not. the correct answer uses the indicative (normal form) of the verb.

the type of subjunctive you're thinking about, called the 'command subjunctive', is generally limited to requests, demands, stipulations, requirements, entreaties, etc. ensuring or verifying that something happens, as in the sentence here, doesn't fall into this category.

Hi Ron - if i understand correctly, you are saying -- this entire sentence has nothing to do with command subjunctives, correct ? Reviewing your red text above... thats what i understand it to be ...Could you confirm ?

If no command subjunctive .....Then can i assume, the verb "Evaluate" is a regular verb and not a verb in the subjunctive format ?

If "evaluate" is a regular verb ...in that case should it not be "Evaluates" in option E ? The noun "Independent Panel" is indeed singular ...

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

There's a mix of issues here. You're right that we can analyze the parallelism in more than one way according to the 'that', but it's much easier to see that, in answer A, 'must be' and 'would' are not parallel.

As for the command subjunctive, 'ensure' is a borderline verb. Some people might say 'Please ensure that the work be completed.' but I'm sure that 'Please ensure that the work is completed.' is fine too (and probably more common). GMAT tends to avoid such controversial areas and using the construction 'ensure that patients would be warned' does exactly that. Here, the word 'would' indicated a future plan as described in the past. After the word 'would' we always use the infinitive of a verb. You can probably hear that 'an independent panel would evaluates the experiment' sounds very odd.

[JbhB682]

Hi Sage - thank you for responding ...

you mention the "would" is safer to use ...

also you mention that after the word "would" -- you use the infinite of the verb

So how come in E ...there is no infinitive after the would (highlighted in green below) ....i expected E to be

Federal rules blah blah were established to ensure

---- that patients would be warned blah blah
and
---- that an independent panel would be evaluated before it was conducted


----------------------------------------------

The federal rules aimed at protecting human subjects of medical experiments were established to ensure that patients must be warned of potential risks and an independent panel would evaluate the experiment before it was conducted.


(E) would be warned of potential risks and that an independent panel would

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

An infinitive of a verb is the base form. It's the part of the verb that we'd use after the word 'to'. For example 'to be', 'to sit', 'to love', 'to work', etc. Therefore 'evaluate' is an infinitive.